Air pollution both outdoor and indoor poses a serious threat to human health, contributing to millions of premature deaths each year. In 2019 alone, ambient (outdoor) air pollution was estimated to have caused 4.2 million premature deaths globally, with the majority occurring in low- and middle-income countries, particularly across South-East Asia and the Western Pacific. Indoor air pollution, often stemming from sources like cooking fuels, radon, and mold, accounted for an additional 3.2 million premature deaths annually.

Fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀) is especially dangerous due to its ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, impacting not just respiratory health but also the heart, brain, and other organs. These exposures are linked to a range of serious conditions, including heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and other cancers.

Short-term exposure even at levels that seem low can aggravate asthma, trigger respiratory infections, cause coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and irritation in the eyes, nose, or throat. It’s well documented that both brief spikes and long-term exposure to PMâ‚‚.â‚… can lead to premature death, especially from cardiovascular events.

Moreover, air pollution is harmful to vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those living with preexisting conditions. It is also a contributor to low birth weight, cognitive impairments, developmental disorders, dementia, and other neurological conditions.

Indoor air is often more polluted than outdoor air Americans spend around 90% of their time indoors, where pollutants from sources like cooking, heating, mold, and chemicals can be two to five times more concentrated.

Air pollution not only affects health but also contributes to climate change, as many pollutants (e.g., black carbon, methane) are also potent climate-forcers. Reducing pollution delivers dual benefits for people and the planet.

Conlusion, Air pollution is a pervasive, invisible hazard that endangers nearly every part of our body. Immediate and coordinated action across governments, communities, and individuals is essential. Solutions range from cleaner energy usage and stricter regulations to indoor air purifiers and behavior changes.

Sources: bernama.com

Date of Input: 27/05/2025 | Updated: 12/08/2025 | aslamiah